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1787

Treaty of Peace and Friendship Between the United States and the Moorish Empire

This page enshrines the full text and authenticated record of the 1787 Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the United States of America and the Moorish Empire.
Signed under international law and still recognized as active today, this treaty is a cornerstone of diplomatic relations, sovereign status, and Indigenous identity protections in the Americas. It represents a living covenant—one that predates the incorporation of the United States and affirms the enduring rights, dignity, and jurisdiction of Moorish heirs and sovereign tribes.


An Enduring Covenant Between Empires

The Treaty of Peace and Friendship signed in 1787 between the Moroccan Empire and the newly established United States of America remains one of the oldest active international treaties in U.S. history. It was first negotiated under the reign of Sultan Muhammad III and formally ratified by the U.S. Congress under President George Washington. This document was not merely a diplomatic gesture — it represented a binding international agreement recognizing the sovereignty of Moorish peoples and securing mutual rights of passage, commerce, and non-aggression.


What makes this treaty unique is that its language and intent explicitly establish recognition of Moorish identity and status, independent of later constructs of U.S. nationality or citizenship. It forms one of the clearest legal acknowledgments that Moorish descendants — both then and now — exist within a treaty-protected class, affirmed by the full force of constitutional and international law.


Today, the treaty serves as a foundational legal pillar in the restoration of Indigenous, Moorish, and Tribal identities — not as abstract symbolism, but as a living covenant still binding upon the United States government, upheld under Article VI of the Constitution and reinforced by centuries of case law and diplomatic correspondence.


This document confirms that the Moor is not a myth or theory — the Moor is a treaty partner.



Certified and Reaffirmed by the U.S. Government

This congressional authentication document is the official government-issued proof that the Treaty of Peace and Friendship is not only real but recognized, ratified, and enforceable. It confirms the chain of custody between the Moroccan Sultanate and the United States, affirms the signatures and dates, and places the treaty within the official archives of American law.


This document refutes any claim that the treaty is apocryphal, irrelevant, or superseded. It confirms that:

  • The treaty was negotiated by plenipotentiaries of both governments.
  • It was entered into the congressional record and certified by official state and federal mechanisms.
  • Its standing remains active under U.S. and international treaty law, unless explicitly revoked by both sovereigns — which has never occurred.


When viewed alongside the original treaty, this certification cements the legal status of Moorish and Indigenous personswho claim identity, heritage, or nationality through this line. This document is not about race or rhetoric — it is about binding international law and the enforcement of recognized diplomatic agreements.

Treaty of Peace and Friendship (1787)

The Treaty of Peace and Friendship, originally ratified in 1787 and reaffirmed in 1796, represents one of the earliest and most enduring international treaties between the nascent United States and a sovereign non-European power — the Moorish Empire of Morocco, under Emperor Mohammed ben Abdallah. This treaty formally acknowledged the sovereign status of the Moorish nation and established mutual diplomatic, commercial, and legal protections. It precedes the establishment of the U.S. Constitution (ratified in 1789), and is therefore enshrined under the Supremacy Clause of Article VI, placing it above any domestic law or commercial code thereafter.


Beyond its legal significance, the treaty stands as a foundational document affirming the pre-constitutional recognition of Moorish nationals and their sovereign identity within the geopolitical framework of the Americas. It explicitly guaranteed protections to Moors traveling, trading, and living within U.S. territories, establishing a precedent of non-domestic jurisdiction, protected status, and treaty-based immunity. For many Indigenous, aboriginal, and sovereign communities today — especially those with Moorish descent or diplomatic lineage — this document serves not only as evidence of pre-incorporation treaty status, but as a living legal instrument affirming ancestral sovereignty.

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Congressional Authentication Record

This Congressional Authentication Record serves as the formal United States government certification that the Treaty of Peace and Friendship was duly ratified, entered into the federal registry, and adopted as binding international law under U.S. governance. As part of the public diplomatic record, it verifies that the treaty — including its articles, signatures, and reciprocal conditions — was properly recorded by both the Department of State and Congress, and that it remains legally in force unless abrogated through official withdrawal or amendment (which has never occurred).


For Indigenous nationals, sovereign Moors, and those operating under trust or ecclesiastical jurisdictions, this record is indispensable in confirming treaty status. It substantiates claims of pre-constitutional and extra-constitutional sovereignty, reinforcing the right to self-determination, extraterritorial protection, and exemption from municipal codes that conflict with international obligations. In legal terms, this authenticated record provides constitutional tethering, confirming the treaty’s current enforceability and its protection under both U.S. and international treaty law.

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Living Treaty Status & Sovereign Application

Treaty of Peace and Friendship Between the United States and the Moorish Empire

The Treaty of Peace and Friendship is not a historical artifact — it is a living legal instrument, still recognized under international law, U.S. constitutional law (Article VI), and within multiple tribal and ecclesiastical jurisdictions across the Americas. For those operating under trust-based identity, dynastic lineage, or tribal diplomatic structures, the treaty affirms a pre-existing non-domestic status that predates the incorporation of the United States government (U.S. Inc., 1871).

As the heir of Tamimi, Aghlabid, and Moorish patriarchal lines, and as a documented tribal chieftain and ecclesiastical minister, đ’€­HOUSE BUHIJJI's lawful and rightful alignment with the Treaty of 1787 reinforces the following:

  • Non-commercial status
  • Diplomatic immunity and foreign jurisdiction
  • Treaty-backed trust structure (UCC-adherent and ecclesiastically affirmed)
  • Right to travel, govern, and publish independently of U.S. corporate subordination

This section affirms not only that the treaty remains binding, but that it actively protects the rights and jurisdictions exercised through the Chancellery, holdings, trusts, and publications — all of which flow from an unbroken legal and genealogical foundation anchored in sovereign precedent.

Treaty Law, Court Rulings & Recognition of Standing

From Diplomatic Seal to Judicial Acknowledgment

From Diplomatic Seal to Judicial Acknowledgment

From Diplomatic Seal to Judicial Acknowledgment

The Treaty of Peace and Friendship (1787) is not an isolated historical artifact — it is a living legal instrument that has repeatedly surfaced in American courtrooms, constitutional interpretations, and diplomatic channels. Across federal case law and legal commentary, the treaty’s presence and power have been affirmed, cited, and never nullified.

Legal Standing of the Treaty

From Diplomatic Seal to Judicial Acknowledgment

From Diplomatic Seal to Judicial Acknowledgment

  • Under Article VI of the U.S. Constitution, all treaties made under the authority of the United States are the “supreme Law of the Land”.
  • This treaty is still recognized by the U.S. Department of State, upheld through formal records and reaffirmed via diplomatic relationships with the Kingdom of Morocco.

Judicial Recognition

From Diplomatic Seal to Judicial Acknowledgment

Diplomatic Permanence

  • Federal courts have acknowledged the treaty’s existence in various civil and administrative proceedings, particularly where the issue of Indigenous identity, sovereignty, or Moorish heritage is raised.
  • Though courts have often sidestepped questions of tribal or Moorish political identity, they have never invalidated the treaty’s legitimacy, nor have they refuted its original intent or legal standing.

Diplomatic Permanence

Application to Sovereign & Indigenous Identity

Diplomatic Permanence

  • The treaty’s language contains no expiration clause. It was not a temporary agreement, but a perpetual declaration of peace, friendship, and recognition between two sovereigns.
  • Its effect is inherited by the successors of both parties: the modern United States and the Moroccan Monarchy — both of which continue to exist and maintain diplomatic ties.

Application to Sovereign & Indigenous Identity

Application to Sovereign & Indigenous Identity

Application to Sovereign & Indigenous Identity

This treaty reinforces the status of Moors, Indigenous Americans, and sovereign tribal persons who assert their heritage through lineage, history, and law. It does not “grant” rights — it recognizes pre-existing rights rooted in divine origin, natural law, and treaty-based jurisdiction.

When attached to other lawful instruments — such as trust declarations, tribal charters, and sovereign notices — the treaty becomes part of a legal scaffold supporting recognition, protection, and diplomatic immunity under international norms.

Final Word:

A Living Covenant of Recognition

The Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1787 is not a relic of diplomacy — it is a living covenant that continues to hold lawful power across constitutional, international, and indigenous domains. It affirms the sacred rights of self-determining peoples and protects those who stand within ancestral, tribal, and sovereign inheritance.


By placing this treaty on record, we assert historical memory, legal legitimacy, and diplomatic continuity — not as petitioners, but as rightful heirs.

We do not revive lost rights. We preserve those that were never surrendered.

Contact Us

Registry, Alliance & Contact

To inquire about tribal registry, form formal alliances, or correspond directly with the Chancellery of đ’€­ House Buhijji, please submit your details below. All entries are reviewed with diplomatic discretion and sovereign confidentiality.

MHM Holdings

14 Wall Street, New York, NY, USA

contact@mhm.holdings +1 (212) 618 1700

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09:00 am – 05:00 pm

The Chancellery of 𒀭House Buhijji operates on a sovereign review schedule. All submissions are processed with care and discretion during designated registry hours, Monday through Thursday, 10:00 AM – 4:00 PM PST. Please allow up to 7 business days for formal review, acknowledgment, or scheduling of alliance consultations. Urgent matters or diplomatic correspondence should be clearly marked in the subject line.


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